Is it ok to share a photo of somebody on the internet without asking their permission?
Depends who took it
Is it ok to download a film from the internet?
Depends whether the film was put on the internet with permission or not.
Is it ok to 'borrow' someone's work and use it in your own work?
No, unless you are using it fairly for a special purpose, such as using a quotation from it, or reporting news about it, or making a parody (joke version) of it
Is it ok to add your favourite band's music to a film you made?
No
Is it ok to cut and paste information from the internet when you're researching something?
Yes, provided you are using it fairly for a special purpose, such as using a quotation from it, or reporting news about it.